Recall the drugs that cause hyperkalemia in patients with renal failure.

Explanation

Bactrim (Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim), ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, Spironolactone, K sparing diuretics, Heparin, Digoxin & ß-blockers.

Mechanisms (these have been asked on previous tests so please learn the following)

Decreased renal excretion: Bactrim, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, Spironolactone, K sparing diuretics

Release from cells: Digoxin & ß-blockers.

Causes hypoaldosteronism: Heparin. Decreased aldosterone prevents throwing out of potassium by the kidneys & colon.