CARDIOLOGY

Identify different auscultatory findings in the heart

Explanation:

Mitral stenosis= Loud S1, rumbling low pitch murmur at apex best in left lateral position, presystolic accentuation that disappears if patient is in Atrial Fibrillation. In atrial fibrillation one can never have an S4 because S4 is due to atrial kick which lost in A Fib.

Pericarditis= Leathery /scratchy sound that may have upto 3 components. Labile sound that may disappear in a matter of hours.

HOCM and MVP are discussed in systolic murmurs.

Aortic stenosis= Systolic ejection murmur with 1st and 2nd sounds heard clearly.

Mitral regurgitation= Holosystolic murmur at apex radiating to axilla and both 1st and 2nd sounds are obscured.