Recognize causes of osteomalacia.

Explanation:   

Three main causes of it are Vitamin D deficiency, Malabsorption and thirdly anticonvulsant drugs (esp. Phenytoin)

Osteomalacia is universally associated with increased alkaline phosphatase. Calcium would be low as would be phosphate. Patients can have proximal muscle weakness.

X-ray features include thin bones, pseudofractures and curved bones.

Treatment is giving Vit D supplements in malnourished patients. High doses are needed in those with Vit. D resistant rickets.